Tratados internacionales y los billones que están en juego en la última frontera: Jurisprudencia y economía del espacio exterior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38180/rpdi.v75i181.971Palavras-chave:
jurisprudencia internacional, economía espacial, gobernanza, tratados internacionales, sector privadoResumo
Este articulo analiza la situación actual de la jurisprudencia internacional y los cambios económicos vinculados al uso del espacio exterior, con proyecciones hasta 2030. Se examinan los principales tratados internacionales y el crecimiento de la economía espacial entre 2003 y 2023. La información se obtuvo de fuentes abiertas, incluidas la Web, ChatGPT y en las bases de datos de Scopus y WoS. Se encontró que el núcleo legal internacional está compuesto por un tratado de la ONU, el Tratado del Espacio Ultraterrestre de 1967, que promueve la exploración pacífica, la no apropiación y el beneficio común. No obstante, estos acuerdos carecen de mecanismos de cumplimiento vinculante y dependen de la voluntad de los Estados para su aplicación. Frente a estas limitaciones, las leyes nacionales —como las de EE. UU.— han cubierto vacíos regulatorios, especialmente en minería espacial y actividades privadas. Esto ha generado fragmentación legal y retos para armonizar normas internacionales y nacionales. Persisten vacíos en temas como desechos espaciales, usos militares, derechos de propiedad y acceso equitativo a recursos espaciales. Desde lo económico, el sector espacial creció de 38.000 millones de dólares estadounidenses en 2003, a más de 630.000 millones en 2023, con proyecciones que superan los 1,8 billones para 2030. La inversión privada, impulsada por constelaciones satelitales, manufactura orbital y turismo espacial, ha sido clave. El número de lanzamientos aumentó de 60 en 2003 a casi 3.000 anuales en 2023. El empleo directo alcanzó los 300.000 puestos en 2023, con miles más en sectores asociados. La creciente influencia del sector privado plantea riesgos legales y geopolíticos, exigiendo marcos multilaterales más robustos y adaptativos.
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Direitos autorais (c) 2025 Ruben Guevara Moncada, Oscar Maúrtua de Romaña
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