The role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in women’s economic empowerment in Peru: progress and challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38180/2f2m3t28Keywords:
geopolitics, great power competition, multipolar world, geostrategy, foreign policy, security, geoeconomics, diplomacy, negotiationAbstract
Women’s economic empowerment constitutes one of the main challenges for sustainable development and the consolidation of more inclusive societies. Despite the normative and institutional advances achieved in Peru during recent decades, significant structural gaps continue to limit women’s access to economic opportunities, formal employment, financial services and decision-making spaces.
This article analyses the international legal framework applicable to women’s economic empowerment and the public policies implemented by the Peruvian State to reduce these inequalities. It also examines the role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in promoting women’s economic autonomy through economic diplomacy and international promotion initiatives developed within the framework of the National Gender Equality Policy and Peru’s Presidency of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) in 2024. The research adopts a qualitative methodology based on legal, documentary and statistical analysis. The findings suggest that gender-responsive economic diplomacy represents an innovative instrument to strengthen women’s participation in international markets and contribute to the fulfilment of Peru’s international obligations regarding gender equality.
References
APEC. (2024). Women and the economy initiatives in APEC economies.
Banco Mundial. (2022). Women, Business and the Law 2022. World Bank Group.
Banco Mundial. (2024). Women, Business and the Law 2024. World Bank Group.
CEPAL. (2021). La autonomía económica de las mujeres. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe.
CEPAL. (2023). Panorama social de América Latina y el Caribe 2023. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe.
Foro Económico Mundial. (2024). Global Gender Gap Report 2024. World Economic Forum.
INEI. (2023). Perú: Brechas de género 2023. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática.
INEI. (2024). Perú: Brechas de género 2024. Avances hacia la igualdad de mujeres y hombres. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática.
Machuca Vílchez, J. A. (2024). Empoderamiento económico de la mujer peruana: pasos para la articulación de las políticas de género y de inclusión financiera. Revista de la Facultad de Derecho de México, 74(288), 237–257.
MIMP. (2019). Política Nacional de Igualdad de Género. Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables.
MIMP. (2021). Creación de la Comisión Nacional de Alto Nivel para la Igualdad de Género. Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables.
Naciones Unidas. (2015). Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible.
OCDE. (2021). Joining Forces for Gender Equality: What Is Holding Us Back? OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2026). Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2026: An OECD Scoreboard. OECD Publishing.
OIT. (2022). Panorama laboral. Organización Internacional del Trabajo.
OIT. (2024). Panorama Laboral 2024: América Latina y el Caribe. Oficina Regional de la OIT.
ONU Mujeres. (2023). Women’s Economic Empowerment Strategy. United Nations Women.
UNESCO. (2020). Global Education Monitoring Report: Gender Report. UNESCO.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
