Aproximación al Derecho Constitucional Global (I): Marco conceptual

Oscar Schiappa-Pietra Cubas

doi:10.38180/rpdi.v69i162.577

Autores

Oscar Schiappa-Pietra Cubas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38180/rpdi.v69i162.577

Resumo

La globalización es un proceso multifacético de extraordinaria intensidad y complejidad. Las fronteras físicas y la noción de soberanía estatal vienen siendo masivamente erosionadas por los embates del oleaje globalizador. Ante ello, los contenidos y las interrelaciones entre las disciplinas jurídicas y políticas, así como las compartamentalizaciones de ellas, están siendo desafiadas a abordar radicales redefiniciones. En particular, el derecho internacional y el derecho constitucional -dos disciplinas que tradicionalmente convivieron con respetuosa distancia y mínima necesaria convergencia entre sí- ahora se ven confrontadas con la ineludible necesidad de derribar sus fronteras conceptuales y reconocerse imbricadas a través del Derecho Constitucional Global. El objetivo del presente ensayo, y los que seguirán sobre el mismo tema, es el de proveer una somera revisión de las principales evidencias, tendencias, características y desafíos conceptuales sobre el proceso de formación y evolución contemporánea del orden constitucional global. En esta oportunidad nos circunscribimos a presentar un perfil inicial del marco teórico del Derecho Constitucional Global.

Referências

ALLOTT, P. (1990). Eunomia: New order for a new world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

ALLOTT, P. (2001). The emerging universal legal system. International Law Forum du droit international, 3(1), 12-17.

ARATO, J. (2012). Constitutionality and constitutionalism beyond the state: Two perspectives on the material constitution of the United Nations. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 10(3), 627-659.

BAILEY, K.H. (1946). Speech by Hon. K.H. Bailey. En L’Héritage de la Societé Des Nations (p. 56). Geneva: Secrétariat de la Societé des Nations (Ed.).

BEAULAC, S. (2004). The Westphalian model in defining international law: Challenging the myth. Australian Journal of Legal History, 8(2), 181-213.

BEAULAC, S. (2006). The power of language in the making of international law. The word sovereignty in Bodin and Vattel and the myth of Westphalia. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

BELOV, M. (Ed.). (2018). Global constitutionalism and its challenges to Westphalian constitutional law. Oxford: Hart.

BHANDARI, S. (2013). Global constitutionalism and the constitutionalization of international relations: A reflection of Asian approaches to international law. Ritsumeikan Annual Review of International Studies, 12, 1-53.

BROOKS, D. (2019, junio 20). Your daily dose of optimism! The New York Times [online]. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/20/opinion/america-radical-pluralism.html

CHARNEY, J. I. (1998). Is international law threatened by multiple international tribunals? 271 Recueil des Cours, 101.

DE WET, E. (2006). The international constitutional order. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 51-76.

DUNOFF, J.L. (2006). Constitutional conceits: The WTO’s ‘constitution’ and the discipline of international law. The European Journal of International Law, 13(3), 647–675.

DUPUY, R. (1986). La communauté internationale entre le mythe et l’histoire. Paris: Economical UNESCO.

DUPUY, P.-M. (1997). The constitutional dimension of the Charter of the United Nations Revisited. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 1, 1–33.

DUPUY, P.-M. (2017). Some brief conclusions. En S. Kadelbach, T. Kleinlein & D. Roth-Isigkeit (Eds.), System, Order, and International Law. The Early History of International Legal Thought from Machiavelli to Hegel (pp. 505-511). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

FASSBENDER, B. (1998). The United Nations Charter as constitution of the international community. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 36, 529-619.

FASSBENDER, B. (2009). The United Nations Charter as the constitution of the international community. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

FRIEDRICH, C.J. (1947). The ideology of the United Nations Charter and the philosophy of peace of Immanuel Kant 1785-1945. The Journal of Politics, 9(1), 10-30.

GRIFFIN, S.M. (2007). Constituent power and constitutional change in American constitutionalism. En M. Loughlin y N. Walker (Eds.), The Paradox of Constitutionalism. New York: Oxford University Press.

GRIMM, D. (2012). Types of constitutions. En M. Rosenfeld & A. Sajó (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 102-130.

GRIMM, D. (2016). Constitutionalism: past, present, and Future (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

GROSS, L. (1948). The Peace of Westphalia, 1648-1948. The American Journal of International Law, 42(1), 20-41.

HABERMAS, J. (2008). The constitutionalization of international law and the legitimation problems of a constitution for world society. Constellations, 15(4), 444-455.

HILL, D.J. (1925). A History of diplomacy in the international development of Europe, Vol. II. London: Longmans, Green and Co.

JENKS, C.W. (1953). The conflict of law-making treaties. British Yearbook of International Law, 30, 401-453.

KLABBERS, J., PETERS, A., & ULFSTEIN, G. (Eds.). (2009). The constitutionalization of international law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

KLABBERS, J. (2009). Setting the scene. En J. Klabbers, A. Peters & G. Ulfstein (Eds.), The Constitutionalization of International Law (pp. 1-44). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

KUMM, M. (2009). The cosmopolitan turn in constitutionalism: On the relationship between constitutionalism in and beyond the state. En J.L. Dunoff & J.P. Tratchman (Eds.) Ruling the World? Constitutionalism, International Law and Global Governance (pp. 258-324). New York: Cambridge University Press.

KOLB, R. (2014). The Elgar companion to the International Court of Justice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

KRISCH, N. (2010). Beyond constitutionalism: the pluralist structure of postnational law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

KRISCH, N. (2016). Pouvoir constituant and pouvoir irritant in the postnational order. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 14(3), 657-679.

LAMY, P. (2015). The past, present and future of global governance. Global Policy Journal. Recuperado de https://globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/10/04/2015/past-present-and-future-global-governance

LANG, A. & WIENER, A. (2017). A constitutionalising global order: An introduction. En A. Lang & A. Wiener (Eds.), Handbook on Global Constitutionalism (pp. 1-20). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

LAUTERPACHT, H. (1936). The Covenant as the “higher law”. British Yearbook of International Law, 17, 54-65.

LOUGHLIN, M. & WALKER, N. (2007). Introduction. En M. Loughlin & N. Walker (Eds.), The Paradox of Constitutionalism (pp. 1-8). New York: Oxford University Press.

LOUGHLIN, M. (2007). Constituent power subverted: From English constitutional argument to British constitutional practice. En M. Loughlin & N. Walker (Eds.), The Paradox of Constitutionalism (pp. 27-48). New York: Oxford University Press.

LOUGHLIN, M. (2014). The concept of constituent power. European Journal of Political Theory, 13(2), 218-237.

LUHMANN, N. (1990). Verfassung als evolutionäre Errungenschaft. Rechtshistorisches Journal, 9, 176.

MAISTRE (de), J. (1884). Etude sur la souveraineté (pp. 311-554). Lyon: [s.n.].

NACIONES UNIDAS, ASAMBLEA GENERAL (1996). Opinión consultiva de la Corte Internacional de Justicia sobre la legalidad de la amenaza o el empleo de armas nucleares: Nota del Secretario General, A/51/218 (19 julio 1996).

NACIONES UNIDAS, ASAMBLEA GENERAL (2005). Informe de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional 57º Periodo de Sesiones, Supl. Nº 10 (A/60/10), 5 agosto 2005.

NACIONES UNIDAS, ASAMBLEA GENERAL (2006). Comisión de Derecho Internacional, Anuario de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional 2006. Vol. II, Segunda parte, A7CN.4/SER.A/2006/Add.1 (Part 2).

NACIONES UNIDAS, COMISIÓN DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL (2006a). Fragmentación del derecho internacional: dificultades derivadas de la diversificación y expansión del derecho internacional informe del Grupo de Estudio de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional elaborado por Martti Koskenniemi, A/CN.4/L.682 (13 abril 2006).

NACIONES UNIDAS, COMISIÓN DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL (2006b). Anuario de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional 2006. Vol. II, Segunda parte, A7CN.4/SER.A/2006/Add.1 (Part 2).

NACIONES UNIDAS (2006). Conclusions of the work of the study group on the fragmentation of international law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion of international law 2006. Adopted by the International Law Commission at its Fifty-eighth session, in 2006, and submitted to the General Assembly as a part of the Commission’s report covering International Law Commission, 2006, vol. II, Part Two. (A/61/10, para. 251).

NEGRI, A. (1999). Insurgencies. Constituent Power and the Modern State. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

O’DONOGHUE, A. (2014). Constitutionalism in global constitutionalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

ONUF, N. (1994). The Constitution of international society. European Journal of International Law, 5(1), 1-19.

OSIANDER, A. (2001). Sovereignty, international relations, and the Westphalian myth. International Organization, 55(2), 251-287.

PETERS, A. (2005). Global constitutionalism revisited. International Legal Theory, 11, 39-67.

PETERS, A., & ARMINGEON, K. (2009). Introduction – global constitutionalism from an interdisciplinary perspective. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 16(2), 385-395.

SARTORI, G. (1962). Constitutionalism: A preliminary discussion. The American Political Science Review, 56(4), 853-864.

SCHMITT, C. (1928). Verfassungslehre. München: OLwd. 3., unveränd. Aufl.

SIEYÈS, E.J. (1991). ¿Qué es el Tercer Estado? En J.M. Sieyès, El Tercer Estado y otros escritos de 1789 (pp. 143-252). Madrid: Espasa Calpe S.A.

SIMMA, B. (1994). From bilateralism to community interests in international law. En Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law (Volume 250). Leiden: Brill & Nijhoff.

SOMEK, A. (2012). Constituent power in national and transnational contexts. Transnational Legal Theory, 3(1), 31-60.

THE METAPHYSICS RESEARCH LAB, CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE AND INFORMATION, STANFORD UNIVERSITY (2019). Constitutionalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Recuperado de https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/constitutionalism/

TRUMAN, H.S. (1945). Speech on June 26, 1945. En Documents of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, I (680). San Francisco: United Nations Information Organizations (Eds.).

TOMUSCHAT, C. (1993). Obligations arising for states without or against their will. 241 Recueil des Cours, 199.

TOMUSCHAT, C. (Ed.). (1995). The United Nations at age fifty. A legal perspective. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.

VAN DEN MEERSSCHE, D. (2016, February 11). Global Constitutionalism without global democracy? [Blog post]. Recuperado de https://www.jus.uio.no/pluricourts/english/blog/guests/2016-02-11-van-den-meerssche-globconstitutionalism.html

VERDROSS, A. (1953). The Charter of the United Nations and general international law. En G.A. Lipsky (Ed.), Law and Politics in the World Community (pp. 153 et seq.). Berkley: University of California Press.

VERDROSS, A. (1954). General international law and the United Nations Charter. International Affairs, 30(3), 342-348.

VERDROSS, A. (1964). Volkerrecht (5th ed.). Vienna: Springer-Verlag.

VERDROSS, A. (1973). Die Quellen des universellen Völkerrechts, Eine Einführung. Freiburg: Rombach & Co. GmbH.

WALDOCK, H. (1962). General course on public international law. 106 Recueil des Cours, 1 (1962-II).

WALKER, N. (2001). The EU and the WTO: Constitutionalism in a new key. En G. De Búrca & J. Scott (Eds.), The EU and the WTO. Legal and Constitutional Issues (pp. 31-57). Oxford: Hart.

WEBB, P. (2013). International judicial integration and fragmentation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

WELLER, M. (1997). The reality of the emerging universal constitutional order: Putting the pieces of the puzzle together. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 100, 40-63.

WIENER, A. (2008). The invisible constitution of politics: contested norms and international encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.